Samuel Oren Tustin 10/13/25 Samuel Oren Tustin 10/13/25

Russia’s Expanding Drone and Airspace Violations Across NATO

As of October 6, 2025, the airspace over Europe has become increasingly contested. What began on September 10 as an incursion of at least 19 Russian kamikaze drones into Polish territory has evolved into a broader and persistent pattern of airspace violations across NATO’s eastern flank. The incursion of Russian drones up to 300 kilometers into Polish airspace prompted a massive NATO response. Polish F-16s, Dutch F-35s, and Italian AWACS aircraft worked alongside NATO refueling tankers in one of the largest coordinated air operations since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Airports in Warsaw, Rzeszów, and Lublin were temporarily closed, and debris from intercepted drones fell near residential areas, but no injuries were reported.

Since then, similar incidents have spread westward. Estonia confirmed that three Russian MiG-31s briefly entered its airspace on September 19. Romania reported a drone crash along the Danube just days later. Germany has investigated a “drone swarm” over Schleswig-Holstein, believed to be surveilling critical infrastructure, and several other European nations have been forced to temporarily shut a number of airports in late September after repeated unidentified flights over a series of Danish and German regions.

The rise in Russian flyovers and drone incursions into NATO airspace reflects a shift toward aerial harassment designed to exploit the grey zone between peace and open war. By testing NATO’s air defenses and resolve, Moscow seeks to undermine deterrence without provoking a direct military clash. Each overflight increases the risk of miscalculation, where one mistaken interception could trigger a crisis.

The incidents have accelerated European defense integration. Poland and the Baltic states are expanding air surveillance networks, Germany and Denmark have tightened coordination with NATO command, and the EU is fast-tracking procurement for anti-drone systems. Western leaders, including Joe Biden, Emmanuel Macron, and Keir Starmer, have condemned the drone incursions as deliberate provocations meant to unsettle the continent.

Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk called the September drone incursion “the most serious violation of sovereignty since World War II.” NATO invoked Article 4 and began Operation Eastern Sentry, an integrated air defense mission to protect the eastern flank. Later that week, at an EU summit in Copenhagen, defense ministers proposed and began to discuss plans for an “Eastern Flank Drone Wall.” Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy added to the proposal by recommending that frozen Russian assets be used to fund a joint European air defense system.

Europe’s airspace is becoming an increasingly contested zone, with drone and aircraft incursions now a regular occurrence. The incidents have hardened NATO’s stance, reinforced defense spending commitments, and stressed the need for shared air surveillance. Former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev’s comments on October 6, calling the drone disruptions “a useful reminder of the dangers of war,” underscore the Kremlin’s intent to use intimidation as a strategic tool.

These repeated provocations mark a new phase in European security: one defined by invisible confrontations above the clouds, where vigilance replaces rest and every radar blip could carry diplomatic consequences. The safety of Europe now relies as much on coordination and composure as on the weapons that guard its skies.

Alexandra Valdez 4/5/25 Alexandra Valdez 4/5/25

Ukrainian and Russian War Negotiations: The Role of US Intervention

President Trump and President Putin meeting in Helsinki, Finland 2018. *Pablo Martinez Monsivais/AP*

Since Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the conflict has claimed the lives of tens of thousands of civilians and displaced millions more. Despite previously attempting several rounds of peaceful negotiations between Russia and Ukraine alone, all have failed. Now, three years into the war, negotiations to facilitate the end of the conflict seem to be bearing fruit. Much of the recent swift negotiations are being attributed to the re-election of U.S. President Donald Trump, who has been pushing for an end to the war since he first began campaigning. Yet, the format of these negotiations has drawn international criticism for their exclusion of Ukraine, one of the two parties embroiled in the conflict. Talks between the United States and Russia began in Saudi Arabia, yet Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said Ukrainian diplomats had not received an invitation to war negotiations.

As a whole, Trump’s coziness with Russian President Vladimir Putin has worried many U.S. allies. Not only has Trump failed to denounce Russia for their invasion of Ukraine, but he has also refused to sign a formal statement attributing Russia as the cause of the war, instead stating that the focus should be on ending the war rather than its causes. This set the stage for the meeting of President Trump and President Zelensky on February 28th to discuss mineral rights in Ukraine, which quickly turned into a highly contentious, tense discussion. Among the key moments of the meeting were Trump calling President Zelensky a “dictator,” blaming him for starting the war, and criticizing him for not thanking the United States for the foreign aid that Ukraine has been given, all of which led to President Zelensky walking out of the meeting without signing any agreement.

Following this meeting, President Zelensky sent a letter to the Oval Office stating that Kyiv was ready for negotiations and peace. Since then, President Trump spoke with President Putin on March 18th, and a 30-day partial ceasefire against attacks on Ukrainian energy infrastructure has been reached. Yet, President Putin still has not agreed to a complete ceasefire, stating that there were still issues that needed to be “ironed out.” The direction of further negotiations remains uncertain.

In the midst of this crisis, many European nations have been expressing concerns about the Trump administration’s new foreign relations policies, especially with the knowledge that Ukrainian aid is conditional pending. French President Emmanuel Macron is one of these leaders, and in response has hosted several European-specific meetings over the past couple of weeks that excluded the United States from discussions on potential aid solutions for Ukraine. As a result, tensions have continued to increase between Europe and the U.S., with many allies continuing to look for alternative routes of aid without involvement from the U.S. This shift toward isolationist policy marks a stark shift in U.S. foreign policy and international diplomacy, with European allies learning they will need to rely less and less on the U.S. for support.

Solaris Ahmetjan 2/21/25 Solaris Ahmetjan 2/21/25

NATO Confirms Assassination Plot on CEO of German Defence Firm Rheinmetall

On January 28, 2025, NATO Deputy Assistant Secretary-General James Appathurai confirmed that Russian operatives plotted to assassinate Armin Papperger, CEO of German defence firm Rheinmetall. This revelation was made during a European Parliament committee meeting on hybrid warfare, where Apparthurai detailed Moscow’s ongoing covert operations targeting Western defence infrastructure. The plot against Papperger was part of a broader campaign of sabotage and political destabilisation across NATO member states. Rheinmetall and Russia have declined to comment on the confirmation.

NATO officials have linked the assassination attempt to a series of recent Russian hybrid attacks, including arson, train derailments, and acts of political intimidation across Europe. Rheinmetall, Germany’s largest arms manufacturer, is a likely focus of Russian espionage and sabotage efforts against European defence, especially as the company announced plans to ramp up production by building a tank factory in Ukraine.

NATO’s confirmation of the assassination plot emphasises the escalating hybrid warfare tactics used by Russia, reflecting Moscow’s belief that they are at war with the entire West. Western intelligence agencies have expressed alarm over the increased danger of Russian activities. These “grey zone” attacks aim to spread chaos among Ukraine’s partners, disrupt military supplies to Kyiv, and widen societal divisions.

Ultimately, this development highlights the need for NATO and its allies to strengthen their defences against hybrid threats and other similar covert operations. Through its use of hybrid tactics, Russia is able to harm the alliance without triggering Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty, which states that an armed attack on one state is an attack on all NATO states. In this case, Russia’s attack on important public figures illustrates that their efforts to destabilize NATO states aren’t limited to political attacks. As the United States and Russia discuss an end to the war in Ukraine, it remains to be seen how Russia interacts with their Western neighbors. Looking to the days ahead, the alliance is expected to agree on a strategy for tackling the hybrid threats by the summer, with the hopes of deterring further acts of sabotage and protecting key industry leaders essential to Europe’s security infrastructure. Given Trump’s shift away from the alliance, however, we could expect a sooner response, especially if Russia continues to escalate their attacks.